Mass Incarceration Essay - 1512 Words

English 2 9 September 2013 Mass Incarceration Mass incarceration is one of very many huge problems we have here in America. But when you really look into the core of the situation, whose fault is it really. Right away you think it is the criminals fault for getting arrested in the first place right? More people should be well behaved and not end up in prison? But what a lot of people fail to notice are the ones that actual do the actual sentencing. In Paul Butlers book, Lets Get Free he writes, â€Å"I became a prosecutor because I hate bullies. I stopped being a prosecutor because I hate bullies.† Do I think that some people belong in prison? Absolutely. But I also think that there are also even more people that†¦show more content†¦The drug war and racial profiling is a huge cause to mass incarceration. Vanita Gupta from the New York times wrote, â€Å"in 2003 I represented dozens of African-American residents in Tulia, Tex., who had been convicted after a botched drug sting. Jason Jerome Wi lliams, a 22-year-old with no prior criminal record, had been sentenced to 45 years in prison for four sales of an eighth of an ounce of cocaine†¦, Others accepted plea deals to try to avoid such lengthy prison terms.† I do not think that drugs are okay to have, be sold, or to be under the influence of. But I do think that all of these sentences are way to long for these people. These are the sentences’ of those that commit way worse crimes like maybe killing someone or endangering some one else’s’ life. In recent studies, it is shown that†¦ The U.S has 25% of the worlds population in prison. Nearly half of all prisoners in state prisons are locked up for nonviolent offences. The U.S prison population rose by 700% from 1970 to 2005. A rate far outpacing that of general population growth and crime rates. 1 in every 106 white males age 18 or older is incarcerated. 1 in every 36 Hispanic males age 18 or older is incarcerated. 1 in every 15 black males age 18 or older is incarcerated. (Matt Sledge, The Huffington Post) The U.S. imprisons moreShow MoreRelatedThe Problem With Mass Incarceration1445 Words   |  6 Pages The Problem with Mass Incarceration Over the past few decades, the United States has witnessed a huge surge in the number of individuals in jail and in prison. Evidence suggests the mass imprisonment policy from the last 40 years was a horrible catastrophe. Putting more people in prison not only ruined lives, it disrupted families, prevented ex-prisoners to find housing, to get an education, or even a good job. Regrettably, the United States has a higher percent of its population incarceratedRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration1572 Words   |  7 PagesRacial disparities in mass incarceration Introduction Mass Incarceration in the United States has been a large topic of choice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, Read MoreThe Side Effects Of Mass Incarceration Essay1963 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The United States’ ever-expanding prison and jail population has brought about many questions regarding the side-effects of mass incarceration, namely involving the effects on the children and families from which those incarcerated are removed. Regardless of the perspectives on the appropriate position of incarceration in the criminal justice system, imprisonment disrupts many positive and nurturing relationships between parents and their children. In fact, more than 1.7 million childrenRead MoreMass Incarceration Of Poor Black Male4177 Words   |  17 Pages Mass Incarceration of poor, black male, and increasingly female, young people in the Name of a Bogus War on Drugs Purpose of the Study Purpose Statement: to reveal the problem of mass incarceration of poor, black male, and increasingly female, young people in the name of a bogus war on drugs from the 1980 s?90 s. The purpose of this study is to expose the process of mass incarcerationRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Incarceration On African Americans1019 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican youth will experience a parent’s incarceration. Research has shown that children of incarcerated parents experience emotional problems, socioeconomic problems, and cognitive disturbances (Miller, 2007). In this paper, I will discuss the impact of mass incarceration in the African American community and its effect on African American children. Incidence and Prevalence Until the 1970’s America was on par with Germany and France in incarceration rates (Campbell, Vogel, Williams, 2015) Read MoreThe Social Problem Of Mass Incarceration Of Minority Groups1753 Words   |  8 Pagesof mass incarceration of minority groups and how the criminal justice system targets these groups. Although this social problem can be linked to specifically African Americans, the impacts of mass incarceration can be felt by almost everyone. I have chosen three articles that focus on how the criminal justice system is masking mass imprisonment a major problem in minority communities. 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This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urban areas and the south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Imprisonment Of A Large Amount Of People1439 Words   |  6 PagesAt the simplest level, mass incarceration is defined as the imprisonment of a large amount of people. However, that does not tell the whole story. The majority of people incarcerated are minorities, and although mass incarceration began as a system of unjust racial and social control, today it continues for many political reasons including government grants, swaying voter opinion, and for-profit prison revenue. The United States incarcerates more people, per capita, than any other nation in theRead MoreEssay about Mass Incarceration of African Americans2060 Words   |  9 Pagesviolence, they wanted to publicize the drug war which lead Congress to devote millions of dollars in additional funding to it. The war on drugs targeted and criminalized disproportionably urban minorities. There for, â€Å"War on Drugs† results in the incarceration of one million Americans each year. Racism seems inherent in America system. Thus, The War on Drugs was and is a war on African-American and minorities and we approve of it because our views and mindsets are simply manipulated by news, media,

Casino Info And History The Casino Essay - 891 Words

Casino Info and History: The newly introduced sister site of the Vegas Paradise Casino is the Jackpot Paradise Casino, which is gaining popularity these days. The casino has already proven as one of the best online casinos out there. With myriads of game choices, exceptional customer service, wide choices of banking options and exceptional game rewards, the Jackpot Paradise Casino is undoubtedly one of the best online gambling forums for avid casino players. The casino was started with the collaboration with ProgressPlay, which is one of the most reputed names in the online gaming industry. The casino boasts some of the highly popular and unique slot games from popular gaming platforms of BetSoft, Microgaming and Thunderkick, QucikSpin and NextGen Gaming. What makes this casino so popular is not just its game choices. The casino’s weekly and monthly promotions, great offers for VIP members and awesome game rewards are other highlights of Jackpot Paradise as well. This online casino is for European players who are keen to enjoy gambling in Vegas style right from their home. The casino does offer a unique gambling experience with live dealers, progressive jackpots and many more choices that will make the player get the real Las Vegas experience. After all, the casino is well backed up to offer an awesome gaming experience and authentic gameplay to all players. No wonder this casino became so popular in a short span of time. Thanks to the casino’s awesome gaming software andShow MoreRelatedharrahs2743 Words   |  11 Pagesservice industry. If you ever needed an incentive to motivate you for cross-disciplinary thinking, Loveman provides it. Harrah’s has leveraged its data-powered prowess to move from an also-ran chain of casinos to become the largest gaming company by revenue. The firm operates some fifty-three casinos, employing more than eighty-five thousand workers on five continents. 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Competition for Tripadvisor Free Essays

Competitor Analysis Know Your Options: TripAdvisor TripAdvisor is one of the largest travel sites with more than 40 million travelers reading and writing reviews each month. If you own or manage a hotel/accommodation, vacation rental, restaurant or attraction, you should claim or create a listing on TripAdvisor. Creating your business account will enable you to update your business details, showcase photos, promote specials and respond to guest reviews. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition for Tripadvisor or any similar topic only for you Order Now TripAdvisor also offers a wide range of marketing opportunities and content solutions you may want to explore. Competitor analysis and identification: 1. Who is our  competition? Home Away inc,- founded in February 2005 Over the years, HomeAway CEO Brian Sharples and his family rented a variety of ski and beach homes, enjoying the space, availability of a kitchen and flexibility to invite others on vacation. However, he found that finding and booking a property online in the highly-fragmented vacation rental industry was not as easy as reserving a hotel. It was out of this frustration, that he realized the opportunity to transform the vacation rental industry and build the world’s leading marketplace for online vacation rentals. HomeAway, Inc. was founded by Sharples and Carl Shepherd in February 2005. Orbitz Worldwide Inc,-Founded in 2001 Orbitz Worldwide enables travelers to research, plan and book a broad range of travel products, facilitating 1. 5 million flight searches and one million hotel searches every day. 4]  Orbitz Worldwide is a publicly traded company listed on the  New York Stock Exchange  following its initial public offering (IPO) in July 2007. Orbitz Worldwide’s largest investor is  Travelport, one of the world’s largest networks of travel brands, content and service offerings. Priceline. com Inc- Founded in 1997 Priceline. com is an Internet-based transactional service that offers products in two categories: a travel service that offers leisure airline tickets,  hotel rooms, rental ca rs, packaged vacations and cruises; and a personal  finance service  that markets  home mortgages,  refinancing  and home quity loans through an independent licensee. 2. What is the profile of our  competitors? Orbitz Worldwide, Inc. operates as an online travel company that enables leisure and business travelers to research, plan, and book a range of travel products. It provides a set of travel products, including air, hotels, vacation packages, car rentals, cruises, travel insurance, and destination services, such as ground transportation, event tickets, and tours worldwide. The company owns and operates a portfolio of consumer brands, including Orbitz, CheapTickets, ebookers, HotelClub, RatesToGo, and the Away Network, as well as corporate travel brands, such as Orbitz for Business and Travelport for Business. HomeAway, Inc. operates as an online marketplace for the vacation rental industry. It offers an extensive selection of vacation homes, privately owned residential properties, including homes, condominiums, villas and cabins, which can be rented on a nightly, weekly or monthly basis. Priceline. com Incorporated has pioneered a unique e-commerce pricing system known as a `demand collection system` that enables consumers to use the Internet to save money on a wide range of products and services while enabling sellers to generate incremental revenue. Using a simple and compelling consumer proposition – Name Your Own Price – priceline. com collects consumer demand, in the form of individual customer offers guaranteed by a credit card, for a particular product or service at a price set by the customer. . What are the business goals of our  competitors? -Orbits goal is to transform the way the world looks at travel -Home Away plans   to be part of a coalition being formed with a goal of standardizing rules governing the vacation rental market -Priceline’s   goal is to lead the industry as a world-class customer-centric company, with an infrastructure that delivers the best, personalized customer service experience is absolutely fundamental to our company’s long-term success on the Internet. 4. What market strategies are being followed by the  competition  and what is the success rate? Marketing strategy for Price line is Introduction which is the one place where you can satisfy your every need (almost every need) at your price? Be it airline tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars, mortgages, new automobiles, or even long distance calling time. 5. What are the strengths and weaknesses of our  competitors? Presented in SWOT Analysis) 6. What threats / opportunities do they pose? (Presented in SWOT Analysis) References: http://finance. yahoo. com/q/co? s=TRIP+Competitors http://www. bizjournals. com/austin/news/2013/02/25/homeaway-part-of-national-coalition. html http://essaymania. com/14492/marketing-strategy-for-priceline-com http://www. homeaway. com/info/about-us/company-info/corporate-faqs/why-founded How to cite Competition for Tripadvisor, Essay examples

Economics Of Eisenhower Essay Example For Students

Economics Of Eisenhower Essay In November of 1952 General Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected to the office ofPresident of the United States. It was the first time a Republican was elected sinceHerbert Hoover in 1928. The Eisenhower administration started at a rather awkwardtime, both politically and economically. First of all there was a war on. The Korean Warhad begun in June of 1950 and was still waging. As was usual for wartime the countrywas economically prosperous. However, the war had caused President Truman toabandon his former restraints on government spending. The amount of money beingspent on defense skyrocketed to supply the troops in Korea with the supplies they needed. This caused the federal deficit to increase dramatically (Pach and Richardson, 53). Another legacy leftover from the Truman days was that of the Fair Deal domesticprogram. Although Truman found much opposition to his programs in Congress hemanaged to get several things done. Such as a public housing bill, an expansion of socialsecurity coverage, and increased minimum wages. The Republican party was not in favorof the majority of this legislation. Thus when Eisenhower was elected they immediatelymade plans for cutbacks in the spending on these programs. Unfortunately for them thenewly elected president was not opposed to the programs Truman had began andimproved upon. Over the course of his administration Eisenhower often did not hold thesame opinions as some of the members of his party. As the Chief Economic advisor to the President of the United States there aremany different issues which I must consider. These issues are both large and small,foreign and domestic, and affect the upper, middle, and lower classes. At this point intime there are several important concerns which I have. The Korean War is ending andthis is going to have a profound affect on the economy of the United States. During thewar the country was prosperous but afterward there is always a high risk of increasedinflation and an increase in unemployment. These conditions have the ability to cause arecession. Now that an armistice has been reached in Korea, a recession is beginning tooccur (Pach and Richardson, 54). I believe that the Presidents chief concern should not be to make an immediateand fast acting restoration of the general economy. The problems of the federal deficitand the recession must wait until the more important problems are dealt with. Theproblem at hand is the rising rate of unemployment. This problem must be dealt withimmediately with strong actions. I suggest implementing federal public works projectsas a way of creating jobs without burdening the government with additional expenses. Ideas for these public works projects are: the construction of a Saint Lawrence Seaway,and an Interstate Highway System. This system would be a massive undertaking andwould be one of the largest construction projects of all time but it would create many jobsfor Americans who are no longer employed by the war effort (Branyan and Larsen, 251). The Republican party has not been happy with the nations economic policies forquite some time. These are the policies of the Democrats, and more specifically those ofthe New Deal and the Fair Deal. These social programs, such as social security andwelfare have been a drain on the federal budget for quite some time. Republicans feelthat the time has come to start cutting back the amount of money being spent on suchprograms or at least curtail the yearly increases. However, there are times when apolitical leader must make their own decisions and not base the way they run theiradministration on the influences from their party. It would be better for the economichealth of the nation to maintain all of the social programs started under the Roosevelt andTruman administrations. The Enemy Outside and Within: Grendel and His Moth Essay For in that half a century the country faced World War I, World WarII, and the Great Depression. Now is a time when the nation must rest up and regain itsstrength for the most assuredly hard times to come. During President Eisenhowers termin office one word must describe the economic policy, stability. The country does notneed risky ventures and bold new ideas, the country needs to hold on to its previouseconomic standpoints. The only new policies implemented should be those to combatnew issues that arise during the Eisenhower presidency. Thus all of the economic adviceI have given the President Eisenhower serves one main purpose. That is to ensure theeconomic stability and prosperity of the United States of America. In 1953 I took office and began to serve as President Eisenhowers chiefeconomic advisor. I quickly assessed the economic stature of the nation and began toplan my policies for the future. I was aware of what I wanted to accomplish and how Iplanned to achieve my goals. I advised the President on many key and importanteconomic issues of our time. When I think back I must decipher whether or not thepolicies I implemented were successful. At the time I thought what I was doing was rightbut as the saying goes hindsight is twenty-twenty and I can only truly tell if I wassuccessful by looking back upon my work and taking an overview of it. As I look back upon my time in office I come to a very distinct conclusion. Ibelieve that I was successful in achieving the economic goals which I set out for. Through my suggested policies regarding social security I made Americans more securein their jobs and their government. Through my suggested policies regarding worksprograms I created countless jobs for Americans who desperately needed them, especiallyin a time directly after a major war. In regards to foreign economic policy I was also verysuccessful. The trading of the United States was booming. U. S. products were beingproduced and sold around the world. By the 1956 fiscal year the Treasury showed animpressive surplus (Pach and Richardson, 55). The success of the nations economywould prove to be imperative for the time. As the country entered the Cold War the focusneeded to be placed on the Soviet Union, national security, and defense. The economyhad to be stable because we could not afford to worry about its well being in a time ofsuch political strife. The United States had very specific needs during the fifties. Thecountry needed a strong military to compete with the Soviet Union, a strong governmentto legislate, and a strong economy to back it all up. The policies I helped to implementwere the ones that met the needs of the times. After a war a nation needs stability and mypolicies and programs provided this stability which allowed the United States toadequately recover from World War II and the Korean War so that the country would beable to fight future battles. Works Cited List Albertson, Dean. Eisenhower As President. New York: Hill and Wang, 1963Ambrose, Stephen E. Eisenhower. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970Bonker, Don. Americas Trade Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1988Branyan, Robert L., Larsen, Lawrence H. The Eisenhower Administration 1953-1961. New York: Random House, 1971Melanson, Richard A. , Mayers, David. Reevaluating Eisenhower American ForeignPolicy in the 1950s. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1987Pach, Chester J. Jr. , Richardson, Elmo. The Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1991

Big Brothers Big Mouth Essays

Big Brothers Big Mouth Essays Big Brothers Big Mouth Paper Big Brothers Big Mouth Paper This would mean that its audience are socially diverse, open-minded, and slightly merciless. This is reflected by the increasing diversity of housemates (i. e. tourettes sufferer Pete), the increasingly shocking events taking place and the vindictive and merciless competitiveness of the programme. Big Brother is the perfect example of cultivation theory, that is, through repeated exposure to former taboo subjects and issues the audience has become desensitised and almost view such issues as normal or acceptable. This is one reason why Big Brother has become one of the phenomenons of the 21st century; because our society has become so much more diverse and accepting Big Brother is allowed to flourish where as if it had been shown during the 1950s for example, it would have been met with disgust and uproar. Even today Big Brother often stirs up controversy but in an era in which controversy is almost the norm, it is just something to read about in newspapers, and perhaps argue about with friends. Another important consideration is Big Brothers target audience which is extremely diverse; its primary audience is 18 to 35 year olds, of both genders. This is reflected by the housemates who fit into this category themselves, which is important in order for the audience to be able to relate to the them. I would consider the target lifestyle to be mainly aspirers. This is because Big Brother is essentially a shortcut to fame, with only a very select few making it onto the programme. Therefore the people watching Big Brother aspire to the housemates an the supposed fame that awaits them. I also believe that Big Brother appeals to explorers due to the fact that it is such a revolutionary show. I t offers something that no other genre offers, which satisfies explorers want for new experiences. As for the Uses and Gratifications theory, Big Brother offers its audience a form of escapism, social identify, and a reflection of social relationships. The audience find an escape from their own problems and worries through the exaggerated and dramatised ones of the Big Brother housemates. It is also an extremely unlikely situation, giving its audience a temporary escape from reality. Due to the fact that Big Brother is based on social interaction of the housemates it is a reflection of social relationships. Much of the public can relate to the relationships between characters, e. g. the romance between Grace and Mikey. These relationships often reflect the audiences own social relationships making it interesting and often informative viewing. The diversity of the Big Brother house ensures that it is extremely likely that there is at least one character in the house that the audience can relate and feel a connection to. This social identity is an important factor, as everyone wants to feel that they can relate to another person or group; the need for acceptance is a key part of human nature. Big Brother recognise this need and addresses it with its uniquely diverse household. The ideology promoted by Big Brother is a shallow one, with the importance of fame, popularity, and winning being either embedded or promoted by the housemates. It implies that society is based on competition, and that personal relationships can be used as a tool to get what you want. These ideologies have prompted much criticism from the media. However, the institution behind Big Brother, Endamol, will continue with its controversial winning formula so long as it keeps audience figures up. This is because Endamol is a major commercial institution meaning that its main priority is profit. It is behind many other successful TV productions such as Desperate Housewives and Lost. The popularity of Big Brother has resulted in it branching off into a mini-subculture with supporting programmes such as Big Brothers Big Mouth, Big Brothers Little Brother and Diary Room Uncut. It has even got its very own column or page in most tabloid newspapers dedicated the happenings inside the Big Brother house. This reflects the amazing popularity and influence Big Brother holds in todays society, the key to its success? It is a reflection of society and we as a race are constantly trying to analyse and explain our own behaviour, Big Brother is essentially a glass cage in which we can curiously peer.

Free Essays on Can You Deny Your Child Medical Care For Religious Reasons

Religion is a part of many Americans lives. It is a part of many people across the world’s lives, but it is a bigger part of some people’s lives then others. Religion is something that people believe in. It is a set of rules that they chose to live by because they believe that God gave them these rules. Some people’s religions guide there lives more so then others. Certain religions put restrictions on its followers, and those restrictions can include types of medical treatments they can and can’t receive. The question to be discussed in this paper is whether or not parents that are followers of these religions have the right to deny treatment to their children as well. Some say that religious freedom is what this country was founded on, and that by telling people that they can’t chose to not give their children medical attention, is taking away there right to that freedom. Others say that children don’t chose to be a part of these religions and that they aren’t making this decision consciously, or on their own accord, so they are in need of representation of their rights from authorities. There are two well known religions that avoid conventional medical treatment the Jehovah Witnesses and the Christian Scientists, there are many other smaller sects that carry similar beliefs and they are as follows: The Body â€Å"The Body of Christ†, Bible Readers Fellowship, Church of the First Born, End Time Ministries, Faith Assembly, Full Gospel Deliverance Church, Faith Tabernacle Congregation, Christ Church, Grace Baptist Church, and Home in Zion Ministries, there are probably others but these are the ones currently recognized according to Robinson (2002). The one thing that all these religions have in common is that somewhere in their translation of the bible they believe that God has told them not to allow for any other form of medical treatment other than prayer, and occasionally the use of oils or everyday household products... Free Essays on Can You Deny Your Child Medical Care For Religious Reasons Free Essays on Can You Deny Your Child Medical Care For Religious Reasons Religion is a part of many Americans lives. It is a part of many people across the world’s lives, but it is a bigger part of some people’s lives then others. Religion is something that people believe in. It is a set of rules that they chose to live by because they believe that God gave them these rules. Some people’s religions guide there lives more so then others. Certain religions put restrictions on its followers, and those restrictions can include types of medical treatments they can and can’t receive. The question to be discussed in this paper is whether or not parents that are followers of these religions have the right to deny treatment to their children as well. Some say that religious freedom is what this country was founded on, and that by telling people that they can’t chose to not give their children medical attention, is taking away there right to that freedom. Others say that children don’t chose to be a part of these religions and that they aren’t making this decision consciously, or on their own accord, so they are in need of representation of their rights from authorities. There are two well known religions that avoid conventional medical treatment the Jehovah Witnesses and the Christian Scientists, there are many other smaller sects that carry similar beliefs and they are as follows: The Body â€Å"The Body of Christ†, Bible Readers Fellowship, Church of the First Born, End Time Ministries, Faith Assembly, Full Gospel Deliverance Church, Faith Tabernacle Congregation, Christ Church, Grace Baptist Church, and Home in Zion Ministries, there are probably others but these are the ones currently recognized according to Robinson (2002). The one thing that all these religions have in common is that somewhere in their translation of the bible they believe that God has told them not to allow for any other form of medical treatment other than prayer, and occasionally the use of oils or everyday household products...

Research plan on improving instructional strategies Essay

Research plan on improving instructional strategies - Essay Example † The modern classroom is primarily characterized by the availability of computers and ICT. Research studies (Henessy, Ruthven & Brindley, 2005 and John, 2005 as cited in Tabler, 2007) have shown how ICT have modified classroom practices and supported classroom tasks. The advantages of ICT are also revolutionary, but it has also its limitations, and as a very recent tool for teaching, I consider it significant to study how its potential can be maximized. It is within this context that I propose to carry out this action research project. Specifically, I plan examine its utility in teaching Geography among 4th grade students since professionally, this is where I am situated. In the succeeding section I will be proposing an action research plan following the format by McNiff & Whitehead (2006). II. The Action Research Plan My Context I am currently a 4th grade teacher in Geography and have been offered the opportunity of becoming the Head of Department in the next academic year. O ne of the challenges given to me is developing a comprehensive plan of integrating ICT into the curriculum and pedagogy. It requires me to examine strategies and eventually, propose best practices. Why am I concerned? In the past five years, the school has invested in modernization. However, it has been observed that very little has changed in terms of the use of ICT in the classroom. Teachers face challenges in using ICT in the classroom, not only because of its novelty, but also because it has implications on the teaching and learning philosophies adopted by teachers. â€Å"The sheer presence of technology itself in the classroom can be very daunting, cluttering up both physical space with cables and connections, and mental space in planning for access to equipment and familiarization with skills and techniques† (Loveless, 2002,p.20). While ICT in the classroom has been acclaimed as generally good, there are still challenges that should be addressed for it to be an effectiv e tool. What experiences can I describe to show the situation as it is? Since this will be a pilot project, I will gather data from my own class where I will implement ICT in teaching through observations. I will also talk to students and ask them to evaluate the classes that we had. For a period of two weeks, I will keep reflection notes of what is taking place during my classes. What can I do? An initial evaluation will be asked from the students where points for improvement will be taken. A focused group discussion among teachers from my department will also be implemented to have gather ideas from their experiences of implementing ICT in the classrooms. Other teachers will also be invited to observe my classes, and validate the findings I have initially recorded. Students will also be asked to evaluate the whole program so I can get feedback from their perspective. What will I do? I will write a report for presentation to the principal, vice-principal and other teachers in my de partment. The report will contain the observations I have conducted, evaluation from students, discussions with other teachers, and the observations of other teachers in my class. I will give them a background of the current situation, and explain my interest in this particular area. I will propose that as part of my coursework in the post-graduate school I am attending, I will carry out this research project. How will I gather data to show the situa

Communication in the Corporate World Research Paper

Communication in the Corporate World - Research Paper Example The survey found that 96% of the executives reported that today's employees must have good communication skills to get ahead (Ann Fisher, Fortune Magazine, December7, 1998. pp. 244) New studies show there is a high correlation between communication skills and income. Even among college graduates, those with higher scores in literacy (use of printed and written information) earn 47 percent more than lower scoring graduates earn (Paul T. Decker et al., Education and the Economy: An Indicators Report (Washington, DC Government Printing Office. 1997, pp. 131) "The ability to write and communicate your thoughts clearly in a presentation is the most essential skill you need to achieve any success in business. If you have a great mind and great thoughts, but you are not able to express them, it's very hard to be successful." The Wall Street Journal comments additional support to the importance of communication, "To stand out from the competition, you must demonstrate the unwritten requirements that are now most in demand: leadership and communication skills." (D. Perry. "Do You Have the Skills Most in Demand Today" Career Journal from 'The Wall Street Journal', 2002) Peter Drucker, recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom and one of the most respected management consultants, educators, speakers, and writers of our time, made those observations about communication: "Colleges teach the one thing that is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother to learn it. This one basic skill is the ability to organize and express ideas in writing and speaking. As soon as you move one step from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large organization..the ability to express one's own is perhaps the most important of all the skills a person can possess" Peter Drucker They are just a few quotes and researches. The list is long. From this point onwards, it should be clear that good communication skill is one of the most important reasons for achieving success in your professional life. Whatever position you have in business, your performances will be judged largely by your ability to communicate. If you perform (and communicate) well, you are likely to be rewarded with advancement. And the higher you advance, the more you will need your communication ability. Communication enables human beings to work together. In a business, it is the vehicle through which management performs its basic functions. Managers direct through communication, coordinate through communication, and staff, plan, and control through communica

Gandhi's Views on Nonviolence VS Martin Luther King's Views on Essay

Gandhi's Views on Nonviolence VS Martin Luther King's Views on Nonviolence - Essay Example While Martin Luther King considers nonviolence as the fundamental code of life in all situations irrespective of the complexity of the circumstances, Mahatma Gandhi believed in a balance between violence and nonviolence to attain a holistic control over both the external and the internal factors influencing one’s life. This paper draws a comparison between the views of Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi regarding nonviolence. Martin Luther King thought of the society as one unit in which if one is affected by the violence in some way, its consequences are borne by all people in the society indirectly. Therefore, the first and the foremost responsibility of every citizen is to feel this sense of belongingness and concernedness when somebody experiences violence. Martin Luther King believed that a nonviolent campaign basically consists of four steps; determination of the existence of injustice by collection of facts, dialogue, self-purification, and lastly, the direct action. None of these steps imparts the need for one to be violent in one’s attempt to eradicate violence from the society and spread peace. Even the â€Å"direct action† which apparently seems to be a little rough approach towards the resolution of the matter is not-so-rough in the real sense, as it is also nonviolent. Examples of the nonviolent direct action are marches and sit-ins. The only purpose of these nonviolent direct actions is to convince the other party to conduct dialogue and negotiations with the concerned party to ease the tension. While negotiation is a fairly effective way of reducing tension between two or more parties, the results are not always very objective and solid because of the non-seriousness of some people in the concerned groups. Unlike Martin Luther King, Gandhi has considered violence not only a useful but also compulsory way of attaining control over the external factors. â€Å"Violence is needed for the protection of things external,

Separation of Histone Protein

Separation of Histone Protein For estimating protein mixture qualitatively most widely used method is SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). According to size of the protein, this SDS-PAGE is separate the protein and purification of protein is to be monitored by this method, and relative molecular mass of protein can also be determined. In this SDS-PAGE anionic detergent is SDS. Before loading the sample, the samples are boiled for 5minutes, that contain s SDS and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­mercaptoethanol in the buffer. While boiling the sample the SDS act to denature the protein and where à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­mercaptoethanol decrease the disulphide bridges of the protein that are holding tertiary structure of protein .by this denature process the protein get fully denatured and form a rod shape structure with negatively charged molecules of SDS throughout polypeptide chain. Every couple of amino acids binds with one SDS molecule on average. Due to the negatively charge SDS the structure remain s as rod like. So repulsion take place between the negatively charge on proteins and no folding occurs and remains rod shape. In the sample loading buffer, contains bromophenol blue and sucrose or glycerol. The bromophenol blue is helpful in monitoring the sample, when electrophoresis running and glycerol give density to the sample that can settle at the bottom of the well on stacking gel. The samples are loaded on the electrophoresis gel, which is made up of two gels .the lower gel is main separating gel and upper gel is stacking gel. This stacking gel helps in loading the sample into wells and had large pore size. Where protein sample moves freely and makes the protein sample concentrate and forms sharp band and enters into main separating gel with effect of electric field. Here isotachophoresis take place. The glycinate ion which is negatively charge has lower mobility than SDS-proteins molecule in running buffer than cl- ion in stacking and loading buffer. At the higher field strength both cl- and glycinate travel at same speed. So these ions and protein adjust those concentrations. The separating gel has higher PH environment, once glycine receives it become highly ionised state and mobility increases. By this the cl- and glycinate leaves the SDS-protein molecule. Now the SDS-Protein molecule moves towards the anode in separating gel by the effect of electric field. Here the protein having smaller size moves faster and reaches to the bottom of the gel than protein having larger size, with the help of bromophenol blue dye we can indicate the electrophoresis front because smaller particle unretarded the dye colour. When dye comes bottom of the gel then turned off the current, remove the gel from the sandwich properly and stained with coomassie brilliant blue and then by using destainin g solution, gel is washed. Depending on the protein size the preparation of polyacrylamide gel is used like 15%, 10% and 7.5%. By the help of the standard protein the mobility of unknown can be calculated by using calibration curve. In SDS-PAGE the protein should give single band, then that protein is said to be pure. So for purification protein process SDS -PAGE is most widely used. To the cluster of eight histone protein (H1-H8) DNA is wounded around. By the help of histone and DNA chromatin is made. The regulation of expression of genes and organisation of DNA is done by the help of histone proteins. Due to histone protein modification we can keep the genes active or silent and modifications are like methylation and acetylation. The transcription factors take place by the modulate accessibility of DNA by histone modification. DNA access might blocked by histone methylation to transcription factors. Electrostatic interaction might change due to histone acetylation in chromatin and allows transcription after opening up DNA. In blood cells development in chicken the principle of the histone modification is clearly demonstrated. In the transition the structural and functional role is played by histone protein between the states of active and inactive chromatin.high degree of conservation consists in histone . This is due to structural maintained constraining the e ntire nucleosomal octameric core. In the gene regulation and epigenetic silencing the diverse role play by a histone proteins.DNA replication, repair, transcription and recombination are influenced by the post translational modification, interactions with chromatin remodelling complexes and histone variants. DNA is packed in the nucleus and forms a complex called chromatin. The first level of chromatin organization is represented by the nucleosome core particles. The octameric core is composed of 146-147 bp of DNA that are tightly wrapped around two copies of histone H2A, H 2B,H3 and H4. Nucleosome cores are associated with linker histone H1 and separated by variable length of linker DNA. Core histone internucleosomal interactions are mediates by composing packed nucleosome arrays to start helical model. Due to the presence of histone fold domain the core histone are characterised and variable lengths of N-TerminaL tails are extensive subjects for post translational modifications. T he epigenome are the component of post translational modifications hence that includes protein connected to its gene and changes in DNA occur. For regulation of gene expression the epigenetic mmodifications are act as switches. DNA and histones are its chemical modifications .which does not disturb the sequence changes to DNA. The organisms reveal a variety of striking similarities despite histone tail and core variation due to characterization of structural nucleosome core particles. Using structural information they reanalysed histone fold domain variably sequence in a novel fashion. The variable pair of histone protein are H2A and H 2B and the conserved one are H4 and H3. In eukaryotes histone proteins are associated with DNA and are positively charged, this is due to presence of positively charged amino acids like lysine and arginine . H 1, H2A, H 2B histone are rich in lysine and H3 , H4 are rich in arginine. Each nucleosome consists of 8 histone proteins. Around one nucleosome to another nucleosome 200bp is present in DNA. In a circle of 1 nucleosome 146 bp are present. Where 54 BP are present in connection link of DNA between 1 nucleosome to another nucleosome. In nucleosome H1 histone is absent.here linker DNA connects two nucleosomes and H1 protein present in linker DNA. H1 protein takes an active role in formation of eukaryotes and heterochromatin. Genetic and epigenetic changes both involved in breast carcinogenesis and it is a multi step process. Epigenetic is a change that observed in gene expression in both reversible and heritable by the gene sequence without alteration. In cancer that influence the two major epigenetic changes are DNA methylation and histone modification interactions is well orchestrated. Malignant and premalignant breast neoplasm is methylated by involvement of several genes in metastasis, proliferation and antiapoptosis. In breast cancer treatment with other systemic therapies, histone deacetylase inhibitors become synergistically an important class of drugs. Potentially reversible processes are epigenetic changes and for finding novel therapies and refined diagnostic of breast cancer many efforts has been done for understanding the mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 30% W/V Acryl amide /Bis acrylamide Tris Hcl 3.0M, PH = 8.8 (lower gel) Tris Hcl 0.5M, PH =6.8 (upper gel) Bio-rad mini protean tank TEMED Ammonium persulphate (APS 25%W/V) Running buffer Bromophenol blue Sample buffer Coomassie blue stain Human recombinant proteins H4,H3.3, H2B, H2A EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: SDS -PAGE GEL PREPARATION: PREPARATION OF GEL CASSETTE SANDWICH: The casting frame is taken and place on the flat surface. Select the glass plates to make a sandwich and place the short plate on the spacer plate and fix the casting frame to make sandwich. Fix the casting frame to the stand and the sandwich glass plates on the gray rubber gasket. Then checked the sandwich plates with distilled water to ensure any leakage occur. Prepare the resolving gel into a beaker without adding TEMED and APS. Add TEMED and APS into the prepared resolving gel and mix the solution homogenously and immediately pour the mixed solution into the sandwich plates, more than half of the glass plates. Allow the resolving gel for 35-40 minutes to get gel polymerised. Wash the resolving gel with distilled water and discard the water from sandwich, dry the inner surface by using filter paper. Prepare the stacking gel into another beaker without adding the TEMED and APS. Added TEMED and APS and mix equally and pour it on the top of the resolving gel and gently place the comb on the top of the stacking gel. Then leave the stacking gel overnight for its polymerization. RESOLVING GEL AND STACKING GEL PREPARATION: Resolving gel: acrylamide/bis-acrylamide 10.0ml,3.0M Tris /Hcl (PH=8.8) 3.75ml,dH20 15.8,10% SDS 0.3ml,TEMED 0.015, Ammonium Per sulphate 0.15. Stacking Gel: Acrylamide/bis acrylamide 2.5ml,0.5M Tris /Hcl (PH 6.8) 5.0ml,dH20 12.26ml,10% SDS 0.2ml,TEMED 0.015ml,Ammonium persulphate 0.04ml. Separation of H2A/H2B/H3.3/H4 Human Recombinant Protein using 1D SDS-PAGE Gel . After overnight polymerisation taken out the comb carefully and well are washed with running buffer. Remove the gel sandwich from the casting stand and allow to place them in the electrophoresis tank placing short plate facing inwards. Fill the gel electrophoresis tank with running buffer up to halfway between inner chamber i.e. 125ml and in the mini tank add 200ml of running buffer. SAMPLE PREPARATION AND LOADING: Taken the sample of histone protein of à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l and added into the sample buffer of 20à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l eppendorf tube. The protein samples are labelled to each tube. The histone protein samples are heated to 100o c for 2 minutes in hot block and at room temperature allow cooling down. Now samples of histone proteins are allowed to load into the well of 20à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l of each sample with the help of loading gel tips and while loading, load the sample carefully and slowly without air bubbles and allow the sample to settle down at the bottom of the wells. Taken molecular marker of 2à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l and loaded in another well for the identification of the proteins migration. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS : Cover the mini tank with lid properly by using colour code present on the banana plugs. Connect the gel electrophoresis tank to power supply by using 200volts of constant current for about 35-40 minutes until samples runs more than 3/4th of the gel. Stain and de-stain gels: After reaching the sample nearly bottom of the gel turn of the power supply to the gel electrophoresis tank and disconnect the electric leads. Discard the running buffer to avoid splitting and carefully remove the gel sandwich, gently separate the gel from plate by using sharp wedge, separated gel is placed in coomassie blue stain solution of 20-30 ml for 30 minutes on shaker for constant shaking. After the 30 minutes discard the stain solution and wash the gel with distilled water for 4- 5 times for constant time intervals and incubate at room temperature for overnight by placing on shaker. Finally rinse the detained gel with distilled water till the protein bands can clearly visible. Taken the pictures by using camera. RESULTS: By observing the obtained result after running the histone samples H4,H3.3,H2B,H2A in 1D SDS-PAGE . The separation of samples has been seen on the gel by using a dye coomassie blue stain solution. While observing the samples are run on gel according to their molecular mass and get separated from each other. The sample histone protein H4 shows little bit difference in observation which is present near to bottom of the gel ,that shows it run little bit faster than other histone samples due to its smaller size. While observing the other histone samples like H3.3,H2B,H2A they has no lot of difference in separation to differentiate from each other. DISCUSSION: The present experiment explains the isolation of human recombinant protein H4, H3.3, H2B and H2A by using the 1D SDS-PAGE. By observing the obtained result that found the histone protein H4 migrated little bit faster than the other samples .where as other histone samples H3.3, H2B, and H2A are observed ,there is no lot of difference in the migration to differentiate from each other. According to Kornberg, R.D when they performed the experiment on histone protein of human recombinant, found the histone protein H4 migrate faster than other protein and appears to be at 11 kDl . Where H3.3 appears near 15kDl,H2B appears near 14 kDl ,H2A appears near 12 kDl with these result we expect to be the same result but according to the above result that H3.3 ,H2B,H2A does not show much separation in migration of protein sample. So for getting such result may have many reasons that might have not loaded the samples with equal volume or properly loaded in the wells or power supply to the electrophor esis tank is not adjust properly or one sample over float into other wells while loading. The separation of the histone proteins that observed by different authors are histone proteins which undergoes non-acetylase that migrates faster than the protein that undergoes monoacetylation and acetylated derivatives. In this sequence the histone proteins are clearly separated in the core histone protein by using 1D SDS-PAGE. The retarded mobility are shown when the histone protein is highly acetylated compared with non acetylated parent compared. The variants are observed in histone protein due to differing of amino acids in the sequence. Histone proteins undergoes different biological conditions and form to be post synthetically modified like ADP-ribosylated, phosphorylated and acetylated .by using SDS-PAGE the purity of isolated proteins are identified. In the present experiment if the mixture of four histone proteins would need to be separated by the same technique. I would preferably take the three consequent results of same and expected as follows molecular size of H4 has l ess kDl than H2A, H2B and H3.3 in kDl. Few journals and reviews found to be support my hypothesis like Kornberg, R.D(1977) and Herbert and Linder(1992).

The Loss of the Ideal in A Tale of a Tub Essay -- Tale of a Tub Essays

A Tale of a Tub is a mass of text seemingly thrown together with the purpose of deliberately confusing the reader, but its digressions upon digressions cannot mask the inevitable theme of loss, which is ultimately found in all of Swift's works. The satire holds the present against an ideal of past perfection, and the comparison always shows the modern to be lacking. The church adulterates religion; moderns, the ancients; critics, the author. The narrator of Swift’s text seems to believe that the moment a great work or idea is put forth, it can be pure, but will always degrade with time. Because it is impossible to return to this former state, there is a heavy sense of disappointment that weighs down the more transparent wit and humor. The entire tale could be nothing more than a joke, which is aimed at not only the moderns and the church, but the audience as well.1   But no matter how many quips or crude attacks Swift makes, the purpose of the story is not just to laugh at t he expense of others, but to mourn the fall of an ideal that can never exist again. It is impossible to return to an original source in the Tale because it seems as if the narrator holds a model of a linear time-line in his head. As time passes, the distance between each passing moment and the originating point must increase, and any attempt to return to the beginning must fail. Just as it is impossible for someone living in the eighteenth century to return to the first, a man who is taught to be a modern can never think exactly like an ancient. Because of this view, the narrator can almost be seen as a modern-day phenomenologist. This philosophy asserts the impossibility of observing any object as it actually is, since the viewer is separated from the obje... ...m must fall short of the original. And if his talent cannot be used to add to the glory of the classics, then it might as well be used to condemn the moderns. If all writing is ultimately a corruption of that which preceded it, as the narrator seems to believe, then it is better to write of something that is despised rather than revered. At times the Tale appears to be nothing more than a prank, due to all of the digressions and unintelligible passages that are inserted. Swift states that he is giving his readers exactly what they want, because mankind â€Å"receives much greater Advantage by being Diverted than Instructed,† and happiness â€Å"is a perpetual Possession of being well Deceived† (327, 351). Swift views this as the exact problem that is ruining current learning, and puts it under the readers’ nose to frustrate them with the same method they are promoting   

Examine the factors affecting the domestic division of labour among couples Essay

The Division of Labour refers to the range of tasks within a social system. This can vary from everyone doing the same thing to each person having a specialised role. The division of domestic labour is the tasks given to each person in a house unit. For example the wife may do the housework, whilst the husband goes out to work. The division of domestic labour can also include childcare and emotion work, two things that previously were completely down to the wife but now are becoming more evenly spread between family members. Cultural factors that affect the division of labour are aspects like lagged adaptation. Jonathan Gershuny said wives who are in paid work do less housework (men do 27%), but the tasks are still sex-typed: men focus on DIY where as women cook. His explanation was there are gradual changes in values- known as lagged adaptation, and that over time parental role models will show children that men do housework too. Different ethnicities have different family structures- in many American families especially, the man is still the breadwinner and head of the household, while the wife cooks, cleans, and bears and raises children. Conjugal (marital) roles will vary depending on culture, if the society around a family typically has the man working then spending his leisure time with colleagues, that’s how that family will function because they are socialised that way. Some legal factors influence the division of labour, for instance it’s now easier and more socially acceptable for couples to get a divorce, so in a way there’s more pressure on men to keep things civil in the household. If the wife is unhappy, she can just leave. On the other hand, men and women don’t always have equal pay, which affects the division of labour as a popular belief in families is that the highest earner should do the least domestic work. Economic factors have had a significant impact on the division of labour,  ¾ of married/cohabiting women in the UK make money, which has resulted in ‘The New Man’. This is the idea that since women are bringing in an income, men are more willing to do domestic work. Rosemary Crompton pointed out that men do more in the home when the woman’s economical power increases (though the DOL is still unequal). However, women only earn  ¾ of what men earn, so men can never do quite as much housework based on their wives income. Feminists on the other hand feel that instead of a change in men, all that has altered is that women now bear a dual burden; this is the combination of paid work and domestic work. They believe modern men are benefiting from their wives’ financial income on top of them doing the housework and looking after the children. Lydia Morris found that even when the male partner is unemployed, the woman still does the domestic work as the male suffers a crisis of masculinity, so they refuse to demean themselves with housework. Women’s working hasn’t impacted on the division of childcare either; fewer than 4% of men were deemed the main child-carer in 1996. Additionally, Hochschild defined the concept of emotion work as a job where you manage someone’s emotions (for example an air stewardess). Feminists say women are working, looking after children/domestic labour, and are emotionally supporting the family. Jean Dunscombe and Dennis Marsden call this a triple shift (emotion work + domestic labour + paid work). So, in reality, the division of labour hasn’t changed through economic factors as much as perhaps it should have done. Many technological advances have made domestic labour easier, including effective contraception (the pill, implant and condom) as modern families are often smaller than in previous years. Most births are planned, and so the household is well prepared for the extra work. In addition, labour saving devices, like the Hoover and dish washer have resulted in men being more likely to help with housework as it’s now less time consuming and strenuous. Social factors that have influenced the division of labour include the lack of stigma attached to cohabiting couples; consequently they feel no pressure to get married. This could mean that gender roles aren’t as strictly enforced. Another important consideration is that in recent years, religion has become a less prominent aspect of life, a lot of families now won’t be religious at all and therefore don’t feel the need to treat each other a certain way as dictated by religion. Most social interaction of the current day can be traced back to religious codes of conduct, it’s possible than non-Christian societies expect wives to be treated differently to Christian ones. Theoretical perspectives such as functionalism and the new right support the division of labour. They state that families need segregated conjugal roles because it’s biological instinct and that it benefits everyone, they feel these marital roles help to organise the family. One functionalist, Talcott Parsons believed that males should take on an instrumental role; they should work and will be the ones to achieve success, while females should assume the expressive role (looking after the children, and catering for the emotional needs of the family). A popular view in right-wing politics, functionalism and the new right is that couples shouldn’t be equal, as the male should be the head of the family, while retaining the role of breadwinner. March of Progress sociologists (like Elizabeth Bott, Young and Willmott) argue the family is becoming more symmetrical with joint conjugal roles. These joint roles have become typical of working class life, in Young and Willmott’s opinions. Feminists like Ann Oakley disagree and say that segregated conjugal roles are socially constructed by men to benefit men as we still live in a patriarchal society. Her research found that men only have to do a small fraction of the domestic work for the household to qualify as symmetrical. This shows that although the UK advertises itself as a modern society, sexist views of the past are a frequent occurrence in our families. (A.N: This was marked by my AS-level Sociology teacher and was given 18/24 marks, making it a Grade C essay. Some tips she gave- Use AO2 phrases to show evaluation, and cite evidence to support perspectives. It is written in UK English. Apologies for any spelling errors and incorrect Sociologist names.)

Dantes Inferno essays

Dante's Inferno essays It is an accepted fact within many schools of thought that, Dante's Inferno is a groundbreaking work that set a standard for its genre and also demonstrated many new visual and psychological concepts about the after life. Yet, it is also clear that the Inferno is a product of its time and must be judged within the context of it. Within the work there are countless demonstrations of both conformity and departure from the classical Christian moral and ethical view upon sin and punishment but one of the most striking conformities is with regard to the idea of divine right, in the sense that politics were guided and backed by God. "First he must descend through Hell (The Recognition of Sin), then he must ascend through Purgatory (The Renunciation of Sin), and only then may he reach the pinnacle of joy ..." (Dante, Ciardi 3) Dante's Inferno is clearly an example, on a grand scale of the thoughts and standards of his time, as well as a culmination of the classical ideals associated with philosophy, sometimes conforming to Christian ideals but often departing from it. In many ways the work can be seen as one of the first applications of what we like to think of as the renaissance work of reinterpretation of Greco-Roman Philosophy, a genre that in Dante's time, much of which was only recently accepted by the Roman Catholic Church as being anything other than the heathen words of the pagans. Within the front matter of the Ciardi translation of Purgatory, a previous beloved book of the Divine Comedy, there is a clear demonstration of the roots of Dante's quest. Seeing corruption abound within the church, he wondered how any man could even dream to reach salvation: What hope was there that men in general might be persuaded to a just life in this world and salvation in the next when they saw their spiritual leaders behave in such a way' Surely ...

The main causes of war essays

The main causes of war essays Wars are constantly being fought in the world. Bloodshed had taken place as top leaders ponder their every move in their game of victories and conquests. Behind each and every war that has taken place, there will always be a reason for it. The most predominant causes are greed and rising ambitions. Greed is inborn and present in the character of every human being. Hence we can see unscrupulous leaders, at the expense of the people, go to wars as a result of their quest for power and territorial gains. One example will be the recent internal strife in Angola, Africa. Foday Sankoh exploited the country's natural resources-diamonds for his personal wealth, which resulted in the deaths of many innocent parties. World War II was also started by Hitler's rising demands for territorial gains, conquering states after states. Hence wars that were fought for personal gains are the most common. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) can step in here. In face of such unscrupulous leaders, the countries in the organisation can stop trading with them and place an international boycott on such countries. For example, Iraq was slapped with an international boycott whereby countries such as Britian, France and America refused to buy oil ffom them during the invasion of Kuwait in the nineties. Next the fight for basic human rights is also one of the main reasons as to why wars were fought. In some countries, citizens do not enjoy equal rights. Widespread discrimination of minority can easily spark wars. People may be denied of basic rights such as housing, education and opportunities of employment. Hence uprisings may occur. One example will be the conflict in Sri Lanka. The Tamil Tigers fight for the rights of the people and aim for a country whereby each and every citizen is given equal human rights. Peace talks could be held to settle the differences. The government can also step in and give equal treatment to the citizens within th...

Wide Sargasso Sea - Bertha Mason as a victim of Racial Oppression Essay

Wide Sargasso Sea - Bertha Mason as a victim of Racial Oppression - Essay Example It is the most successful novel of Rhys that consists of three parts and each of these parts is written using the narrative voice of different characters of the stories. The novel basically deals with the theme of racial discrimination and the roughness of displacement and integration. It deeply and sensitively describes the cultural barriers that exist between the whites and the blacks and explains the insecurities and adjustment problems that commonly arise when the people from different cultures are set to live together and use to hold certain prejudice for each other. Rhys touchingly describes the intricate relations of oppressor and oppressed through the depiction of the marital relations of the main character Antoinette that has been drawn from the character of Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre. The novel has been plotted in Jamaica and depicts the time after the liberation of the slaves in Caribbean. That was the depressed era when the tension over the issue of the racial inequity and hatred was on the peak level in Caribbean. The main character of the story is a lady Antoinette who spent her childhood in the West Indies and frequently faced the problems related to the ethnic prejudice and shrewdness. She neither succeeded to adjust among the white Europeans nor among the black Jamaicans whom she belongs but due to her white Creole heiress she remained different to them as well.

Cultural Stereotypes as Reflected in Literature Essay

Cultural Stereotypes as Reflected in Literature - Essay Example In the same way as the concept of stereotyping had been introduced in the first paragraph, stereotyping is defined as â€Å"making generalizations or assumptions about the characteristics of all members of a group based on an image (often wrong) about what people in that group are like,† (Burger and Els 105). Certain observed qualities have been used to describe a certain group of objects or people and that is stereotyping. It is possible that a person had just seen some people wearing glasses study very hard and that person might generalize that all people are nerds. In reality, that is not the case as people may get blurry eyes due to aging, computer eye strain and other eye diseases. In such practice, a person or people are placed in certain categories using certain criteria like a color of the skin, nationality, religion, ethnic race and even gender and sexual orientation (Cook and Cusack 10). In using categories to group people with the prevailing image, discrimination is inevitable. In line with discrimination come prejudices and pains. As discrimination becomes rampant because of stereotyping, the treatment balance among people have been subjected to several stresses and strains as people are judged for qualities that do not make up their whole selves. People are judged for skin color like black, discriminated for their sexual orientation like being gay, offended for being immigrants, punished for practicing their religious rituals, and hurt for on-going wars where peace is not an option (Kruhm and Wirths 1).

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Critique - Essay Example nimous concern that there will be a knowledge-based generational gap if higher education is not transformed to keep with the accelerating changes of digital information. Levine and Dean do identify and make the valid claim that the majority of students believe they will achieve success based on previous generation’s ability to do so, and how students do not take into account the reality of a poor economic infrastructure. However, students do recognize that a stagnant economy will curtail the possibilities of monetary success. It is important to acknowledge what students today think about the future of the economy; twenty years ago, tuition was never thought to reach the price and investment that it has today. Although the authors reveal and extol their concepts on how society as a whole is changing inevitably through the digital revolution, it is conveyed in an editorial point of view. The author’s concerns have a sense of legitimacy, but many assumptions are made witho ut taking into account that life and society is always changing. Change, by definition, is an ever-evolving transformation that at times can seem to occur instantaneously. The credibility such as the statistics given becomes skewed and misleading to the audience because of the way Levine and Dean interpret them. Although Levine and Dean make broad assumptions, they do, however, make agreeable depictions on the concept of how grades are more inflated, but not how they perceive it to have been done. â€Å"Forty-one percent of undergrads have grades of an A- or higher† (Levine & Dean), this statistic may be true, but the point of view from the authors mislead the audience by claiming that a student who has an A got that grade because grades are inflated, which leads to their assumption that today’s undergrads are â€Å"weak academically†. The authors do not take into account that every teacher is different in his or her own way, an assumption cannot be concluding with the evidence given. This is in

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about a young boys coming of age in the Missouri of the mid-1800s. The main character, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. Before he does so, however, Huck spends some time in the fictional town of St. Petersburg where a number of people attempt to influence him. Before the novel begins, Huck Finn has led a life of absolute freedom. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much attention to him; his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, Huck is not used to following any rules. The books opening finds Huck living with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Both women are fairly old and are really somewhat incapable of raising a rebellious boy like Huck Finn. Nevertheless, they attempt to make Huck into what they believe will be a better boy. Specifically, they attempt, as Huck says, to sivilize him. This process includes making Huck go to school, teaching him various religious facts, and making him act in a way that the women find socially acceptable. Huck, who has never had to follow many rules in his life, finds the demands the women place upon him constraining and the life with them lonely. As a result, soon after he first moves in with them, he runs away. He soon comes back, but, even though he becomes somewhat comfortable with his new life as the months go by, Huck never really enjoys the life of manners, religion, and education that the Widow and her sister impose upon him. Huck believes he will find some freedom with Tom Sawyer. Tom is a boy of Hucks age who promises Huck and other boys of the town a life of adventure. Huck is eager to join Tom Sawyers Gang because he feels that doing so will allow him to escape the somewhat boring life he leads with the Widow Douglas. Unfortunately, such an escape does not occur. Tom Sawyer promises muchrobbing stages, murdering and ransoming people, kidnaping beautiful women- -but none of this comes to pass. Huck finds out too late that Toms adventures are imaginary: that raiding a caravan of A-rabs. really means terrorizing young children on a Sunday school picnic, that stolen joolry is nothing more than turnips or rocks. Huck is disappointed that the adventures Tom promises are not real and so, along with the other members, he resigns from the gang. Another person who tries to get Huckleberry Finn to change is Pap, Hucks father. Pap is one of the most astonishing figures in all of American literature as he is completely antisocial and wishes to undo all of the civilizing effects that the Widow and Miss Watson have attempted to instill in Huck. Pap is a mess: he is unshaven; his hair is uncut and hangs like vines in front of his face; his skin, Huck says, is white like a fishs belly or like a tree toads. Paps savage appearance reflects his feelings as he demands that Huck quit school, stop reading, and avoid church. Huck is able to stay away from Pap for a while, but Pap kidnaps Huck three or four months after Huck starts to live with the Widow and takes him to a lonely cabin deep in the Missouri woods. Here, Huck enjoys, once again, the freedom that he had prior to the beginning of the book. He can smoke, laze around, swear, and, in general, do what he wants to do. However, as he did with the Widow and with Tom, Huck begins to become dissatisfied with this life. Pap is too handy with the hickory and Huck soon realizes that he will have to escape from the cabin if he wishes to remain alive. As a result of his concern, Huck makes it appear as if he is killed in the cabin while Pap is away, and leaves to go to a remote island in the Mississippi River, Jacksons Island. It is after he leaves his fathers cabin that Huck joins yet another important influence in his life: Miss Watsons slave, Jim. Prior to Hucks leaving, Jim has been a minor character in the novelhe has been shown being fooled by Tom Sawyer and telling Hucks fortune. Huck finds Jim on Jacksons Island because the slave has run awayhe has overheard a conversation that he will soon be sold to New Orleans. Soon after joining Jim on Jacksons Island, Huck begins to realize that Jim has more talents and intelligence than Huck has been aware of. Jim knows all kinds of signs about the future, peoples personalities, and weather forecasting. Huck finds this kind of information necessary as he and Jim drift down the Mississippi on a raft. As important, Huck feels a comfort with Jim that he has not felt with the other major characters in the novel. With Jim, Huck can enjoy the best aspects of his earlier influences. As does the Widow, Jim allows Huck security, but Jim is not as confining as is the Widow. Like Tom Sawyer, Jim is intelligent but his intelligence is not as intimidating or as imaginary as is Toms. As does Pap, Jim allows Huck freedom, but he does it in a loving, rather than an uncaring, fashion. Thus, early, in their relationship on Jacksons Island, Huck says to Jim, This is nice. I wouldnt want to be nowhere else but here. This feeling is in marked contrast with Hucks feelings concerning other people in the early part of the novel where he always is uncomfortable and wishes to leave them. At the conclusion of chapter 11 in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck and Jim are forced to leave Jacksons Island because Huck discovers that people are looking for the runaway slave. Prior to leaving, Huck tells Jim, Theyre after us. Clearly, the people are after Jim, but Huck has already identified with Jim and has begun to care for him. This stated empathy shows that the two outcasts will have a successful and rewarding friendship as they drift down the river as the novel continues.

Triple Bottom Line Concept and Its Benefits for Businesses

Triple Bottom Line Concept and Its Benefits for Businesses Introduction The concept of Triple Bottom line is just a popular concept that has been applied in the understanding of social duties among companies that are looking forward for the incorporation of non monetary values in their businesses. Its notion has become of much fashion in management, investing and management over the last few years. It has been explained that the ultimate success of corporations ought to be measured not just by the use of traditional financial bottom line, but need also to be measured by on the ethical and environmental factors. In fact most individuals have accepted that, organizations have a lot of responsibilities to their stakeholders to have responsible behaviors. In addition, it is also true that, it is not possible for firms in the long run to be successful if they disregard key stakeholders interests. Its apparent novelty lines in the contention of its supporters that the overall attainment of duties to the society, clients, employees as well as suppliers should b e either calculated or audited and even report presented just like financial performance of public firms have been for over a century now, (Bowen, 1953). As a matter of fact, TBL can not be taken as if it is an award, certification or even an accreditation that can be earned, but it is a continuous process that just helps companies to keep on ensuring that they are working towards greener business, as well as the demonstrating to the local community that, they are not just working towards enriching themselves, but also to the common good. Its major aim is to ensure sustainable development strategy. Literature review Historical Perspective The origin of triple Bottom Line dates back in 1990s, when the management thought accountability started using the phrase in its work. In 1997, the phrase got currency with 1997 publication of British edition of John Elkingtons Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (Elkington, 1998). As a matter of fact, there were very few literatures on it, and many individuals thought that, Elkington coined the idea. However, after its publication, it has spread just like bush wire. It has been embraced and promoted by different organizations like the Global Reporting initiative and accountability by applying its concept in corporate world. Not being taken as a surprise, most firms accounting firms have incorporated the concept in an approval way when offering services that help companies that want to audit or even measure their additional bottom lines. In the same way, there have been sizable portion of industrial investment that have been devoted their energy din the processes of screening firms on the foundation of their environmental as well as ethical/social undertakings. As a matter of fact, most of them use 3BL language. Not only companies, but different governments, government departments as well as political parties have also been well represented in the increasing documentation of those proposing the fact. The Triple Bottom line was originally inspired by Patrick Urbanist, who came up with similar ideas at the start of 20th century. These concepts depends much on the triad of folk, work, and place, which encouraged the use of a multifaceted approach to policy and economic analysis (Robertson, 1992). At the later stage, in a similar function, the aspect was adopted by both environmental and business theorists. In particular, the most renown theorists was Elkington, with his intention of coming up with an approach to social/ethical responsibility that was far much practical for business managers and leaders. This is based on the fact that, it does not regard or even water down the social/ethical as well as environmental values of much more ethical business. There have been a number of different appr oaches have been trying to come up with a very better metrics, that are far much helpful in the calculation of a triple bottom line since that time. Some of such approaches have been considered legislation in some parts of the world, for instance, Oregon and Minnesota States in the United State. Other nations or countries include Australia. Essentially, the aspects of TBL were just an attempt of introducing a paradigm of accounting to the social environmental domains. Originally, the concept was just introduced as a tool of corporate tool of business. As an effect, individuals wonder if during its introduction, the notion was that the phrase would be picked and applied universally as it is now. To some extent, the phrase is not as new as such, this is based on the fact that, the concept just applies accounting knowledge to what was formally called corporate social responsibility. Sometimes back, lots of companies used to scorn the notion of Triple Bottom Line reporting systems; currently, there are those who have taken its task fully. Its effects have been experienced in the positive flow on their suppliers. Since chains of supply are also accountable to the companys performances, they are also scrutinized well in the Triple Bottom Line audits. The best examples in U.S are some big box stores which are greening up their actions, and as an effect, demanding their suppliers to use less packaging. Elements of Triple Bottom Line Concept The elements of Triple Bottom Line include profit also called Economic value, people (Social values) and the planet (Ecological value.) this is according to the description provided by Sustainability influence by 200th century Urbanist Patrick, in his notion of folk work as well as place. Ecological values (planet) One of the elements that make up Triple Bottom Line concept is ecological values. In its sense, it refers to environmental practices that are sustainable. The Triple Bottom Line company struggles itself to ensure that it has benefited the natural order as much as it could, or at least to the level that it will not harm and curtail environmental effects. A Triple Bottom Line endeavor ensures that it has reduced its ecological footprint by considering other factors. This is usually done through; careful management of its energy consumption as well as the non-renewable. This usually goes hand in hand with the reduction of waste manufacture, along with rendering waste products less toxic before disposing them din a safe and legal manner. The phrase Cradle to grave is uppermost in the thoughts of TBL manufacturing businesses which typically conduct a life cycle assessment of products to determine what the true environmental cost is from the growth and harvesting of raw materials to manufa cture to distribution to eventual disposal by the end user. Accompany that considers A triple bottom line, does not in any way produce harmful products, or even destructive products for instance, weapons, chemicals that are toxic or even batteries that contain heavy metals that can be termed as dangerous (Giddens, 1995). In the current times, the expenses involved during dumping of non-degradable products or even toxic waste products, is very high. As a result, are borne financially by different stakeholders like for instance, Governments and environmentally by those individual who reside near the dumping site and also elsewhere. According to the thinking of A triple bottom line, an industry which engages itself in the production as well as marketing a product which will at one point create a waste problem, should never at any cost be provided with an easy ride by the society as a whole, even the government should never provide any incentive on it. It will be considered more equitable for all businesses that involves themselves and sales products which might be taken as problematic, or might cause some troubles in future, , need to bear part of the expenses of its ultimate disposal. Practices which can be considered as being ecologically, for instance, overfishing activities or any other activity that in one way or the other tries to endanger the depletion of some resources are all avoided by A triple bottom line company. In most cases, environmental sustainability is a more profitable course for investors in the long run. However, arguments stated that it is much expensive to be environmentally sound are often specious when the course of the business is analyzed over a period of time. Generally, sustainability reporting metrics are better quantified and standardized for environmental issues than for social ones (Porter 1998). There are a number of respected reporting institutions as well as registries, are under existence, for instance, the Global Reporting initiative, institute for sustainability, CERES, as well as the institute for sustainability, among others. The reality so far is that, practice or companies that that create a lot of economic wealth, but do not at any cost prevent the deletion of natural resource, eventually can be considered as sustainable triple bottom line. This is based on the fact that, at one single time, the product or organization, will at one time lacks natural resources to continue its operation. In addition, it has been proved that, operations that do not factor at any level environmental costs of production sends false signals to customers and government. If in any case a business entails in the externalization of business environment, in most cases consumers tent to believe that, the cost of producing such a product is much lower than reality, due to lower prices for instance, demand tents to be higher. Tipple bottom line Sustainability, looks forward in addressing such like issues. Profit (economic value) This can be termed as the economic value that is usually created by any organization after the deduction of all expenses of any input, even after the exclusion of tied up capital. As an effect, it differs much from the traditional accounting definitions of what the profit is. Originally within sustainability framework, the concept of profit is supposed to be seen as being the real benefits that the host community enjoys. It is presumed to being the economic impacts that an organization might have on its economic environ. This in most cases is confused with the limited to the internal profit made by a company or organization (which nevertheless remains an essential starting point for the computation) (Matt, 2010). As an effect, the original Triple Bottom Line approach can not in any way be interpreted as being traditional corporate accounting profits on top of social and environmental effects, except when the profits of other entities have been included as social gains. Just as any other element of Triple Bottom Line, the point of profit includes net profits or losses. All business practices that leads to the creation of both environmental social advantages, but ends up losing money, is considered as not being sustainable in any way. This was not based on the fact that, at one point the business might lack its operations funding. As a result, the Triple Bottom Line does not have any intention of excluding profit incentive from operations. It exists to balance the profit incentive with the costs of production decisions that are often externalized: (Matt, 2010) both environment and social bills. Those proposing sustainability Triple Bottom Line initiative, explain that operations that in one way or the other, but only create costs similarly not suitable are unsustainable as well. People, (social value) This refers to the and fair and beneficial business operations towards labor and the community and region under which the firm carries its activities. A Triple Bottom Line firm aims at benefiting many constituencies; by ensuring that it does not endanger any group neither destroys it. Part of the profits gained from finished product marketing back to the original raw materials producer. As a matter of fact, Triple Bottom Line business never uses child labor and will always monitor contracted firms for the exploitation of child labor. Such firms will also pay better salaries as well as maintaining safe working conditions, along with tolerable working hours. They also look forward to giving back to the community, by contributing to its growth with things like health care and schools. The quantification of such bottom line is new, subjective and often problematic, Fine (1991). Theories and Opinions According to Michael Porter, economy is just a social construct. This is based on the reason that, it is as an effect of policies, institutions as well as interactions that makes up the society. Secondly, the meaning of economy and what it is, originates from narratives made by society members. In this manner, the economic bottom line is not separable from social issues, including societal issues. According to Michael Porter, both economic and social issues cant be separated at a cost; this is based on the fact that it is far much difficult to for anyone to reject the fact that, the relationship between economy and society are different. It has been found by economists that, economic processes that increases competitiveness, and better financial bottom line, results to long-term social trade off. It is true that, through the erratic nature of innovation, improved forms of production are developed but their Adoption is hindered by the lack of supporting services and infrastructure once abundant but no longer Available. (Porter 1998) On the same note, economic efficiency might result to other forms of social stresses. This is especially when advantages of higher efficiency is not distributed equally. At this very point at any time, for instance, many producers of vegetables across U.S may be arguing that, the current chain of supply arrangements gives rise to non-producers in the chain of supply for instance, processors and retailers capturing and never passing on the interests of the efficiency that is gained by producers. At this point for instance, this in most cases occurs when economic notions those results to social equity are in facing head on each other. On the other hand, constructivist school sociologists like Grove-White (1997), and Fine (1991), have brought the point that; natural environment by itself is already a human construct. Cultural groups have led to the construction landscapes as their own reflections. Any form of change in environment has been associated with social along with cultural symbols. According to Finer, the definition of a group has been renegotiated to refer to the conception and definition of what the environment is. Constructivists have therefore give TBL different meanings, for instance, the existence of environmental factor will not exist unless socially constructed. As a matter of fact, the environment can be given collective meaning depending on the collective social affiliations that are attributed to them. This is because, in one way or the other, the environment can be considered as being inseparable from the sociology. Though such like statements are philosophically challenging, but they make sense when individuals start translating personal perceptions into shared point of views. For example, to different individuals, a river might be a source of water, to another person, source of beauty while to the rest might view it as recreation source. Secondly, environmental issues in most cases reflect social interaction. This is based on the fact that, scholar have even stated that the environment by itself is constructed by socio-culture. It has been argued by White-Grove that problems as a result of environment are just physical phenomena. environmental problems and issues which society recognizes at any one moment are shaped and determined by processes of human judgment and social negotiation, even in their very definitions (White-Grove 2011). This view has been has been supported by other researchers like Woodhills who has concluded that In the recent past, there have been calls for the addition of fourth bottom line on the Triple Bottom Line, that will be based on culture however, individuals have argued that, this will just increase a fourth leg to a concept that is in many ways flawed, it does provide a lead to defining some pragmatic ways of dealing with the flaws (Spiller Lake 2003). This call has attracted a lot of attention to the effects that accumulated stresses that are currently measured by TBL. Globalization has played a major part in the TBL concept development; however, the paradox that has come with globalization is that, it has resulted to greater global integration of both national and regional economies and cultures, it accentuates, rather than minimizes, the significance of the local context for innovative activities (Acs et al 1996). At first such like contradiction was referred to as glocalization. This paradox has a very strong suggestion of regionalism, and calls for collective practices at local levels trying with a lot of effort to challenge the point of globalization, but on the other hand, it tries accommodating it to enhance competitive advantage. This kind of advantages is in most cases just a very complex mix of issues which under Triple Bottom Line framework. In addition, the issue of glocalization tends to explain the way forward. First and foremost, it tries to integrate factors that underlay the TBL, other than accumulating credits along with deficits that make up bottom lines that tent to have greater meaning to those individuals who tent to live the events other reporting them, (Bowen, 1953). Application, Impact and Discussion Positive Impacts The company might experience increased income and market share. This suggests that, managers believe that, their organizations have the ability of benefiting a lot from the Triple Bottom Line efforts. Market share impact also indicates that the management believes that, both customers and stakeholders have responded positively to the action. As a fact, managers will be seeing economic value; cause, it can help in cost saving along with incomes from new markets and innovation opportunities. There is also increased employee retention after Triple Bottom Line (TBL) implementation. Having stronger sustainability is helpful in the retention as well as recruitment of better talents. Research has shown that, employees kin U.s prefer getting lower salaries but work with responsible institutions. Managers look at increased societal support as being an advantage to TBL. This sis based on the fact that, the local society influences firms operation license. When firms engage in societal activities, like addressing community problems and engaging in social impacts, it is presented as a good citizen corporate and partners. As an effect, managers view this as a chance of opening dialogue door and positive stakeholders. The TBL implementation also assists in the avoidance of legal issues, and angering special interest teams while encouraging good publicity. Managers look at increased societal support as another positive impact of TBL. Companies that provide support to society, impact their environment beyond the firms boundaries. Activities like development of education and health system, leads to a reduced risk. This means that, when organizations implement TBL, they become safer enterprises, hence, to them, funds procurement is much easier. As an effect, an organization might use such positive impacts for the creation of a framework that rewards practices and decisions made by its management for the support of sustainability along with TBL. In general, TBL leads to the hiring of top talent, higher retention of top talent, increased employee productivity, reduced manufacturing expenses, reduced expenses at commercial sites, increased revenues and market share, reduced risk, and easier financing (Willard, 2002). As shown in figure 1 bellow. Figure 1 organizational advantage to TBL from: ttp://www.ccl.org/leadership/pdf/research/tripleBottomLine.pdf Negative Impacts Division of labor is one of the characteristic of rich societies, and a major reason that leads to massive accumulation of wealth. This then leads to the point that organizations contributions are majorly to the welfare of the community din all areas when managers are focusing on what they can do best, for the benefit of all. Sat the time, business is satisfying the society, TBL is then thought to be very harmful, as it diverts business attention far from its main goals and values. For instance, just like charitable organization like Red Cross are not expected to handle environmental issues. As an effect, mangers have to know that they are not required to concentrate on concerns outside companys main objective, given that the enterprise is not doing any harm to the environment or people. The concern for social and environmental issues is hardly found in poor communities, it is only a concern for richer societies. As an effect, application of TBL acts as an example of choices available to the citizens of a society made wealthy by businesses attending to business (Willard, 2002). As an effect, the creative attention to only business makes the business to contribute effectively to the betterment of all society angles, like social, environmental as well as economic. Though socially responsible managers will say that is harmful to the society, however, TBL pressurizes libertarian managers to a mechanism that might or might not be the best option. It is not ethical to force businesses to undertake duties that are outside there core area of concentration. This is so particularly in areas that the firm does not harm either the environment or people in any way. In the implementation TBL, most managers face the difficulty of achieving global agreement on simultaneous policy that might render such like measures found in TBL at the best advisory, hence unenforceable. For instance, individuals might not be willing to face depression or recession with the aim of replenishing lost ecosystem. One of the major shortcomings of TBL framework application is capability of being applicable in monetary-based economic system. Since there has been never and still there will be no single way in monetary terminologies that can be used to measure society and environment as there is with profits. TBL does not allow mangers to get the sum of all three bottom lines. Due to this, it is far much difficult for managers to recognize the benefits of TBL implementation in the firm. Mangers implementing TBL have been criticized by the TBL left wingers on the fact that, this method is just an attempt by otherwise exploitative corporations to avoid legislation and taxation and generate a fictitious people-friendly eco-friendly image for PR purposes (Giddens, 1995). Application of Triple Bottom Line Concepts in Management It is being applied as an accounting and reporting tool as promoted by Elkington. This application has gained rapid adoption especially among global organizations that are looking for ways to enhance their image a good global citizen. For instance, Shell was amongst the first firm in the United States. Many organizations have ended up hiring the Consultancy Organization Sustainability by Elkington, in developing tools that assists in their accounting for their progress against TBL (Shell International, 1998). The process of developing TBL into a framework unto which firms can make a presentation of their performance accounts, has ended up promoting flurries of studies, money and consultancy firms. The goodness is that, all of them are on the way of improving the tools and processes involved. As a matter of fact, the global Reporting Initiative has been established with the objective of providing central concentration for such like activities, and also setting some international stand ards for reporting sustainability. This application of TBL reporting has gained its application in various public sectors as well as smaller entrepreneurs. The concept of TBL has introduced the factor of measurement in the management of organization as urged by Elkington. He explained that what you cant measure, you are likely to find hard to manage (Elkington, 1998). It happened that, he was a fervent believer that, it is very much possible to use Triple Bottom Line in the process of measuring progress. However, Elkington acknowledges two0n major challenges. The first challenge is that, the process of accounting for social dimension, there is a problem. This does not concern how measure social attributes. He continued that, amongst the challenges of Triple Bottom Line agenda, he notes that, when we include the social and ethical dimensions of sustainability, the range of sustainability-related Issues and impacts grow dramatically (Elkington, 2004). He ends up concluding that, the second challenge faced by TBL model is the development of an approach that measure progress din a way that is very much integrated across the Triple Bottom Line. However, lots of those carrying out social studies have criticized Elkington ideas that TBL has been applied in some sort of decision algorithm mechanisms. Such researchers have argued that, the decisions that revolve around sustainability and natural resource management need to concentrate on issues that can count, other than being based on things that can be counted (Vanclay, 2003). There are other researchers who have noted some difficulties in the adoption of framework that leads to decision making systems that incorporates social dimension. In attempting to develop social indicators we encounter immediately the problem that the communities whose health in which we are interested do not resemble the sorts of stable and self-regulating systems we find in nature (Lockie Jennings, 2003) Such like criticism and other reservations were all raised at a workshop that was discussing and debating the Use of Triple Bottom Line concept as a means of incorporating social dimension into other policies along with processes of decision making for Australia. On of the major conclusion that this workshop came up with was that, developing Triple Bottom Line indicators is just one of the operation in a broader process. On the other hand, the subject of identifying indicators is a very important output. This is based on the fact that, it will help organizations make reflections on their overall strategic goals, as the process proceeds well beyond that first step. The process of reporting TBL results to engagements with stakeholders in the creation of new circuits of knowledge exchange, as well as communication. The ongoing monitoring as well as reporting of TBL indicates that it has the capability of developing a new phase of organizational reflection (Elkington, 2004). Apart from t hat, it also leads to the exchange that regards to the quality of measures under use and the performance target that have been put in place. As a planning and reporting tool, the manner in which TBL has been used, is just seen as being a mare approximation of complex aspects for instance, sustainability. This has been taken to be much true in the case of its uptake by organizations. For any company to count for global aspects, for instance sustainability would need a detailed as well as complex analysis of the companys interaction with ecological systems, societies, habitats, resources as well as habitats. In the light of all other firms past as well as present effects don the similar systems. In its place, it can be used during categorizing different matters that can be connected to sustainability pursuit, with an objective that, the organization has the power of monitoring the effects of its activities concerning these issues. Appropriate Strategies and Recommendations The TBL needs a much focused commitment through long term strategic thinking, alignment, planning as well as implementation. When firms propose a certain corporate sustainability, the difficulty encountered depends on the process of incorporating TBL principles onto operations of an organization. There are two aspects which organizations have to consider ensuring successful integration of TBL along with company strategy is that; sustainability needs a lot of innovation. The second point is that, sustainability strategies have to be customized. Studies have found that, the organization size has no effect on whether it wants to incorporate TBL. Consistent with major recommendations of 2003 workshop on social dimension of TBL in rural Australia, I advocate greater concentration on the process of TBL reporting as a way of encouraging the ability of addressing sustainability change. As a matter of fact, there should be a set of criteria which ought to be used in the evaluation of TBL with the major aim of improving TBL outcomes. Organizations need to implement an iterative learning cycle. This will ensure that organizations planning are but on collaborative change reflections that will be seen after an operation by the company in the past. At the core of these operations, should be the opportunity that allows stakeholders engagement in company operations, on both external and internal, (Elkington, 2004). Another recommendation is that, when considering how different activities can result to sustainable future community, I recommend that, TBL reporting need to be promoted by companies. This is based on increasing degree of experience and resources to enable organizations handle TBL reporting dealings. Provided with some of the inherent constraints with organizational-based TBL reporting, it is much clear that organizations need to take TBL as an adaptive long-term adaptive management. This should not be seen as a quick fix, but it needs the development of means of monitoring how organizations, activities are contributing to particular TBL sustainability and the reflection on performance evaluation that ensures that all targets are concentrated upon most significant issues not just those that are most expedient, and that its efforts are addressing these effectively.